Decoding the Microbiome: Genetic Discoveries with Dr. Ran Blekhman
In this episode of Inside Matters, Dr James McIlroy is joined by Dr Ran Blekhman, associate professor and research geneticist at the University of Chicago
Your Second Genome: Why the Microbiome Matters
While the human genome contains approximately 20,000 genes, the microbiome—sometimes referred to as our “second genome”—comprises millions. These microbial genes reside within and on our bodies, playing vital roles in everything from metabolism to immune response. Dr Blekhman highlights how aspects of our microbiome might even be passed down from our parents, suggesting that heritability extends beyond human DNA alone.
The Power of Global Data
Drawing on a staggering data set of more than 168,000 microbiome samples from across the world, Dr Blekhman’s team has uncovered patterns that point to significant microbial diversity in regions like Africa and South America. These findings suggest that many microbial species remain undiscovered and that broadening our research focus to underrepresented areas is key to deepening our understanding.
What Shapes the Microbiome
From diet and environment to genetics, countless factors influence the microbial communities we carry. Diets high in fibre, for instance, encourage certain beneficial microbes to thrive, while highly processed, Western-style diets tend to favour others. Dr Blekhman also stresses the importance of consistent methodology in microbiome studies, as different sampling techniques can yield very different results.
From Data to Diagnosis
One exciting area of Dr Blekhman’s research involves linking microbiome data with electronic health records. By examining clinical outcomes alongside microbial profiles, his team hopes to predict and even prevent issues such as hospital-acquired infections. The implications for diagnostics and treatment are enormous, with the potential to reshape how we approach individual and public health.
Foundations Laid in Early Life
The conversation also touches on the early-life microbiome. Breastfeeding, for example, plays a powerful role in shaping an infant’s gut microbiota. Dr Blekhman’s lab is exploring how maternal milk contributes to these early microbial communities, helping to build a healthy foundation that can influence lifelong wellbeing.
Looking Ahead
This episode shines a light on the intricate relationships between our genes and the trillions of microbes that live within us. Dr Blekhman’s work is a reminder that cutting-edge science often starts with the smallest players—and that understanding these relationships could unlock transformative advances in healthcare.
To learn more about Dr Blekhman’s research, visit his lab’s website and explore the latest on microbiome science and genomic innovation.